Highly efficient and recyclable basic mesoporous zeolite catalyzed condensation, hydroxylation, and cycloaddition reactions

Abstract

Crystalline mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolite was prepared in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane derived multi-cationic structure directing agent. The calcined form of the mesoprous zeolite was treated with NH4OH to obtain basic mesoporous ZSM-5. Catalyst was characterized by the complementary combination of X-ray diffraction, N2-adsorption, electron microscopes, and temperature programme desorption techniques. Catalytic activity of the basic mesoporous ZSM-5 was systematically assessed using Knoevenagel condensation reaction for the synthesis a wide range of substituted styrene. Applications of the catalyst were investigated in the benzamide hydroxylation for the synthesis of carbinolamides and one-pot, multi-component condensation reaction for the synthesis of naphthopyrans. Finally, the catalyst was evaluated in the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxide for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates. Recycling study shows that no significant decrease in the catalytic activity was observed after five recycles.