Higher-order solitary structures of nonextensive electrons having two distinct temperatures in a dusty plasma

Abstract

The Gardner equation, showing the existence of compressive and rarefactive dust-acoustic (DA) solitons in a nonextensive dusty plasma (containing negatively charged dust, Maxwellian ions and two-temperature electrons following a q-nonextensive distribution) beyond the K-dV (Korteweg-de Vries) limit, is derived and numerically solved. The basic features of the DA Gardner solitons (GSs) associated with positive and negative potentials are found to exist beyond the K-dV limit, and the K-dV and modified K-dV (mK-dV) solitons have been compared with the DAGSs by considering the effects of two-temperature electron’s nonextensivity. Depending on the nonextensive parameter q, the DAGSs have been found to exhibit negative (positive) potential solitons for q qc) (where qc is the critical value of q). The results obtained from this analysis can be utilized and should be very effective for understanding the localized nonlinear structures, the DAGSs, in different astrophysical and cosmological scenarios (viz. stellar polytropes, quark-gluon plasma, protoneutron stars, etc.).