Dust-acoustic Gardner solitons and double layers in dusty plasmas with nonthermally distributed ions of two distinct temperatures

Abstract

A rigorous theoretical investigation has been performed on dust-acoustic (DA) solitary structures in an unmagnetized dusty plasma, consisting of negatively charged mobile dust grains, Boltzmann distributed electrons, and nonthermally distributed ions of two distinct temperatures. The Korteweg-de Vries (K-dV), modified K-dV (mK-dV) and Gardner equations, and their solitary waves (SWs) and double layer (DL) (in case of Gardner equation) solutions are derived by using the reductive perturbation technique. The basic features of the DA Gardner solitons (GSs) and DLs are studied analytically as well as numerically. It has been observed that the GSs significantly differ from K-dV and mK-dV solitons, and only positive potential DLs exist in the system. It is also studied that two-temperature nonthermal ions significantly modify the nature and basic properties of the DA SWs. The present investigation can be very effective for understanding and studying the nonlinear characteristics of the DA waves in laboratory and space dusty plasmas.