Higher Body Mass Index Is Associated With Decreased Treatment Response to Topical Steroids in Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Abstract

Understanding which eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) patients will respond to treatment with topical corticosteroids (tCS) remains challenging, and it is unknown whether obesity impacts treatment response. This study aimed to determine whether treatment outcomes to tCS in EoE patients vary by body mass index (BMI). This retrospective cohort study of the University of North Carolina EoE Clinicopathologic database assessed subjects age 14 years or older with a new diagnosis of EoE. Their BMI was calculated and histologic, symptom, and endoscopic responses were recorded after tCS treatment. The treatment response of obese (BMI, ≥30 kg/m2) and nonobese EoE status was compared using bivariate and multivariate analyses. We identified 296 EoE patients treated with tCS. Baseline characteristics were similar, although obese EoE patients had more heartburn and hiatal hernias. Histologic response was higher forthose who were nonobese compared with obese at fewer than 15 (61% vs 47%; P= .049) and 6 or fewer (54% vs 38%; P= .02) eosinophils per high-power field, respectively. In addition, nonobese patients had significantly greater endoscopic and symptomatic responses. On multivariate analysis, increasing BMI was associated independently with decreased histologic response after accounting for age, heartburn, dilation, and hiatal hernia whether BMI was assessed as a continuous variable (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.98), as nonobese vs obese (aOR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.21-0.68), or in 4 categories (overweight vs normal [aOR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.26-0.84] or obese vs normal [aOR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.13-0.51]). As BMI increases in EoE patients, the odds of histologic, symptomatic, and endoscopic responses to tCS decreases, with obese patients having an approximately 40% decrease in odds of response.