Abstract
A high-throughput screening system for moderately halophilic phenol-degrading bacteria from various habitats was developed to replace the conventional strain screening owing to its high efficiency. Bacterial enrichments were cultivated in 48 deep well microplates instead of shake flasks or tubes. Measurement of phenol concentrations was performed in 96-well microplates instead of using the conventional spectrophotometric method or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The high-throughput screening system was used to cultivate forty-three bacterial enrichments and gained a halophilic bacterial community E3 with the best phenol-degrading capability. Halomonas sp. strain 4-5 was isolated from the E3 community. Strain 4-5 was able to degrade more than 94% of the phenol (500 mg·L−1 starting concentration) over a range of 3%–10% NaCl. Additionally, the strain accumulated the compatible solute, ectoine, with increasing salt concentrations. PCR detection of the functional genes suggested that the largest subunit of multicomponent phenol hydroxylase (LmPH) and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C12O) were active in the phenol degradation process.
Highlights
Phenol and phenolic compounds are hazardous pollutants in the environment discharged from a variety of industries, including petroleum coking, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, printing, dyeing, pesticides, coal processing, etc. [1]
This study developed a high-throughput screening system for moderately halophilic phenol-degrading bacteria
The halophilic bacterial communities were cultivated in 48 deep well microplates under different
Summary
Phenol and phenolic compounds are hazardous pollutants in the environment discharged from a variety of industries, including petroleum coking, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, printing, dyeing, pesticides, coal processing, etc. [1]. Screening for salt tolerance and phenol-degrading strains was important for improving the performance of biological treatment. Such halophilic bacteria isolated from saline environment would be helpful to remove phenol from high-salinity industrial wastewater [5]. The compatible solutes played an important role in moderately halophilic bacteria maintaining osmotic balance between the cytoplasm and the external salt environment. They were highly water-soluble, low molecular weight substances, including sugars, alcohols, amino acids, betaine, ectoine and its derivatives [13]. The high-throughput screening system was firstly applied to cultivate halophilic phenol-degrading enrichments from the saline habitats under different salt concentrations. This study revealed the salt tolerance response and detected several phenol-degrading genes of the isolated strain
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