Abstract
High temperature tribology is considered to begin from a minimum temperature of 300–350 °C, where organic base oils and polymers begin to decompose, until a temperature of 1000 °C. In this field of tribology, tests are typically run under dry or solid-state friction, unless a solid lubricant is used, since most lubricants will oxidize or break down when exposed to these extreme temperatures. Therefore, this form of tribotesting is useful to determine the friction, wear, and other tribological characteristics of coatings, ceramics, alloys, cermets, and similar materials. Additionally, high temperature tribology is important to further understand the frictional interactions and adhesive behavior of contacts that operate at these high temperatures. When considering measurements of the tribological parameters in a high temperature application, the standard Schwingung, Reibung, Verschleiž (SRV) (Oscillating, friction, wear, in English) reciprocating, linear-oscillatory tribometer can be modified for testing temperatures of up to 1000 °C by using a high temperature heating block. With this configuration, the instrument can accurately monitor many parameters of the tribosystem, such as coefficient of friction, electrical resistance, zero stroke point, sliding speed, and others. As a result, the SRV instrument is shown to be a powerful tool for high temperature tribotesting. This paper will provide an overview of this high temperature tribology test rig and will discuss its versatility and efficacy, and will show how it can effectively be implemented in both research and practical applications for the development of various coatings and other high temperature tribological contacts.
Highlights
When exposed to high temperatures above 350–400 ◦C, tribosystems must operate without liquid lubricants and a hydrodynamic film separating the mating surfaces
These tribolayers essentially evolve as the wear process occurs and multiple layers are formed as a result
Many types of layers are formed at high temperatures with zones 3 and 1, the glaze layer, of the disc consisting of a similar composition as the materials of the pin
Summary
When exposed to high temperatures above 350–400 ◦C, tribosystems must operate without liquid lubricants and a hydrodynamic film separating the mating surfaces. In the high temperature regime, tribosystems are exposed to static and tribologically enhanced oxidation, which impacts friction and wear resistance. A tribocontact may consist of a ceramic, hard metal, cermet, or refractory metal alloy, either monolithically or as coatings for improved tribological properties, which form stable oxides with low shear strength [6]. Temperatures of 570 ◦C, these steels will form Fe2O3 (hematite) and Fe3O4 (magnetite) oxides on the surface, which act as a protective layer or scale against further oxidation by increasing the diffusion resistance and adhesive wear (scuffing). This temperature, FeO forms, which increases the oxidation rate. This review will focus on one of these tribometers and will assess its capability to be used as an effective tool for research and development on high temperature tribological applications
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