Abstract
(Nd1−2x/3Bax)(Ti0.95Sn0.05)O3: NBTS electroceramics with different concentrations of Nd doping, i.e. x = 0.00 - 1.5 mol % are prepared. Structural characterization reveals the formation of single-phase tetragonal symmetry. Highly dense microstructures are observed in FE-SEM micrographs. Impedance, modulus, and conductivity studies are done at 350-500°C temperature. Negative temperature coefficient: NTC resistance nature is confirmed from the Nyquist analysis. Impedance spectra analysis reveals that grain resistance (Rg ) and grain boundary resistance (Rgb ) are dependent on temperature and Nd concentration in the NBTS ceramics. The frequency-dependent imaginary part of impedance (Z′′ ) and electrical modulus (M′′ ) reveal the localization of relaxation in NBTS ceramics at high temperatures. The activation energy obtained from the relaxation peak and the scaling formalism reveals that the conductivity is attributed to the oxygen ion vacancies. Conductivity study suggests the variation of frequency exponent, which follows correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. These studies suggest that NBTS ceramics are potential candidates for future power electronics applications at high temperatures.
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