Abstract
Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are categorized as smart fluids, which are made of small iron particles suspended in carrier fluids such as silicone oil. The presence of a magnetic field will instantaneously increase the viscosity of the MR fluid, also known as the MR effect. The application of the MR fluid as viscous dampers to automobiles and buildings has shown excellent performance in shock absorption. To expand the practical application of the MR fluid, various evaluations of shock-absorption performance under high-loading conditions are needed. Therefore, we decided to investigate its performance in high-speed impact conditions. Impact experiments were conducted in different liquids—tap water, two types of silicone oils with different kinematic viscosities, and an MR fluid—and it was investigated how the properties of each liquid affect the shock-absorption performance. Accordingly, it was found that kinematic viscosity and compressibility affect shock-absorption performance. The kinematic viscosity did not affect the speed attenuation of the projectile. Furthermore, it was found that the compressibility affected the pressure wave generated by the entry of a projectile into the liquid.
Highlights
Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are categorized as smart fluids, which consist of iron particles, solvent, and surfactant for improving the dispersibility of particles
We conducted experiments on tap water and silicone oil used as a solvent for the MR fluid to understand how the high-speed projectile moving through the fluid decelerates and how the pressure wave propagating through the fluid attenuates
The physical properties of liquids do not affect the attenuation of pressure waves propagating through the fluid
Summary
Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are categorized as smart fluids, which consist of iron particles (ferromagnetic particles with a diameter of several micrometers), solvent (hydrocarbon oil and silicone oil), and surfactant for improving the dispersibility of particles. The viscosity rapidly increases, and this property changes the fluid into a semisolid It has already been used as a shock-absorbing device for automobile dampers, seismic isolation device, and impact absorbers by utilizing this feature. Two types of shock-absorption performance are conceivable when the high-speed projectile enters the liquid; one is the deceleration of the penetrative projectile and the other is the attenuation of the pressure wave generated by projectile impact. We conducted experiments on tap water and silicone oil used as a solvent for the MR fluid to understand how the high-speed projectile moving through the fluid decelerates and how the pressure wave propagating through the fluid attenuates. We compared MR fluids with other liquids, and investigated factors that affect shock-absorption performance
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