Abstract
Radium-bearing barytes (radiobarytes) have been known since the beginning of the 20th century. They are mainly found as precipitates of low-temperature hydrothermal solutions. In anthropogenic environments, they frequently occur as crusts on oil industry equipment used for borehole extraction, in leachates from uranium mill tailings, and as a by-product of phosphoric acid manufacturing. Recently, we recognized Ra-rich baryte as a precipitate in the water drainage system of a bituminous coal mine in the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Basin. The precipitate is a relatively pure baryte, with the empirical formula (Ba0.934Sr0.058Ca0.051Mg0.003)Σ1.046S0.985O4.000. The mean specific activity of 226Ra was investigated by the two-sample method and it equals 39.62(22) Bq/g, a level that exceeds known natural occurrences. The values for 228Ra and 224Ra are 23.39(26) Bq/g and 11.03(25) Bq/g. The radium content in the baryte is 1.071 ng/g. It is clear that the Ra-rich baryte results from the mixing of two different mine waters—brines rich in Ba, Sr, and isotopes 226Ra and 228Ra and waters that are affected by sulfide weathering in mine works. When this mixing occurs in surface watercourses, it could present a serious problem due to the half-life of 226Ra, which is 1600 years. If such mixing spontaneously happens in a mine, then the environmental risks will be much lower and will be, to a great, extent eliminated after the closure of the mine.
Highlights
The radium isotope 226 Ra is a daughter product of 230 Th alpha decay in the 238 U decay series, which is known as the uranium or radium series
Powder X-ray diffraction revealed that baryte is the prevailing constituent of the precipitate
The cell parameters calculated using the Rietveld method correspond with data given in the literature for substituted baryte (Table 1)
Summary
The radium isotope 226 Ra is a daughter product of 230 Th alpha decay in the 238 U decay series, which is known as the uranium or radium series. The radium isotopes 228 Ra and 224 Ra are the daughter products of 228 Ac, resp. 228 Th decay in the 232 Th decay series, known as the thorium series [1]. Radium is enriched in some naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs), but even higher concentrations can be found in some technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORMs). Increased concentrations have been reported in mineral and thermal waters [4,5,6,7,8,9,10] and in brines [11,12,13,14].
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