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Abstract
A small, lightweight, and inexpensive hyperspectral camera based on a linear variable filter close to the focal plane array (FPA) is described. The use of a full-frame sensor allows large coverage with high spatial resolution at moderate spectral resolution. The spatial resolution has been maintained using a tilt/shift lens for chromatic focusing corrections. The trade-offs of positioning the filter relative to the FPA and varying the f-number have been studied. Calibration can correct for artifacts such as spectral filter variability. Reference spectra can be obtained using the same camera system by imaging targets over homogeneous areas. For textured surfaces, the different materials can be separated by using statistical methods. Accurate reconstruction of the sparse spectral image data is demonstrated.
Highlights
Multispectral and hyperspectral imaging systems deliver valuable products to users in areas such as agriculture, mining, environmental monitoring, disaster assessment, and military reconnaissance
In the design presented here, high spatial resolution is achieved by mounting a linear variable filter (LVF) on top of a large focal plane array (FPA) with 5760 × 3840 pixels (22.3 MP)
When the LVF is used in the current camera design, the light will be incident at each FPA position with a range of different angles as determined by the opening of the lens aperture
Summary
Multispectral and hyperspectral imaging systems deliver valuable products to users in areas such as agriculture, mining, environmental monitoring, disaster assessment, and military reconnaissance. As the typical payload for mini-UAVs is 2 to 3 kg, a design goal for a hyperspectral imaging system must be to make this technology adaptable to these smaller sensor platforms. In many current system designs, especially in the gratingbased imaging spectrometer solutions, spectral resolution is given precedence over spatial resolution in the use of detector elements available. In the design presented here, high spatial resolution is achieved by mounting a linear variable filter (LVF) on top of a large focal plane array (FPA) with 5760 × 3840 pixels (22.3 MP). Large LVF allows the use of very large FPAs with corresponding advantages both with respect to production rate, i.e., covering large areas in a short time, and adaptability to new sensor developments.
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