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Abstract
Nighttime light remote sensing has unique advantages on reflecting human activities, and thus has been used in many fields including estimating population and GDP, analyzing light pollution and monitoring disasters and conflict. However, the existing nighttime light remote sensors have many limitations because they are subject to one or more shortcomings such as coarse spatial resolution, restricted swath width and lack of multi-spectral data. Therefore, we propose an optical system of imaging spectrometer based on linear variable filter. The imaging principle, optical specifications, optical design, imaging performance analysis and tolerance analysis are illustrated. The optical system with a focal length of 100 mm, F-number 4 and 43° field of view in the spectrum range of 400–1000 nm is presented, and excellent image quality is achieved. The system can obtain the multi-spectral images of eight bands with a spatial resolution of 21.5 m and a swath width of 320 km at the altitude of 500 km. Compared with the existing nighttime light remote sensors, our system possesses the advantages of high spatial and high spectral resolution, wide spectrum band and wide swath width simultaneously, greatly making up for the shortage of the present systems. The result of tolerance analysis shows our system satisfy the requirements of fabrication and alignment.
Highlights
Nighttime light remote sensing can obtain various light information on the earth’s surface at cloudless night, most of which are sent out by artificial lights
In contrast to common remote sensing satellite imageries which are mainly used to monitor the physicochemical characteristics of the earth, nighttime light remote sensing imageries have higher correlation with human activities and possess the advantages of spatiotemporal continuity, independence and objectivity
In addition to reflecting the lights from urban areas, nighttime light remote sensing can capture the lights of fishing boats, natural gas combustion, forest fires, etc., so it can provide important support for many other research fields such as fishery monitoring, major event estimation and natural disaster risk assessment [1,2,3,4,5]
Summary
Nighttime light remote sensing can obtain various light information on the earth’s surface at cloudless night, most of which are sent out by artificial lights. The DMSP/OLS has a rich database and can detect the nighttime light radiance from 1.54 × 10−9 to 3.17 × 10−7 W·cm −2·sr −1 with a swath width of 3000 km [7,8] It has a coarse spatial resolution of 2700 m and can only obtain panchromatic images, limiting its use in fine application [9]. We present an optical system of imaging spectrometer based on linear variable filter for nighttime light remote sensing that can obtain the multi-spectral images of eight spectral bands in the range of 400–1000 nm with a spatial resolution of 21.5 m and a swath width of 320 km. Due to the potential for spectral shift of the linear variable filter, the system should possess a telecentric optical path in image space to ensure that the chief ray in each field of view can be perpendicular incident on the filter and focal plane. We will use the Buchdahl model to analyze the dispersion characteristics of materials and select proper glass for our system
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