Abstract

A high-sensitivity salinity sensor based on a free space propagation-core mode Mach–Zehnder interferometer was proposed with a well-designed exposed-core microstructured optical fiber. The real-time salinity sensing was achieved by using an exposed-core microstructured optical fiber shortened to 228 µm. The proposed sensor has a salinity measurement range from 0 ‰ to 40 ‰ and a salinity sensitivity of around −2.29 nm/‰, corresponding to a refractive index sensitivity of −13 103.16 nm/RIU. The measurement error caused by the temperature is only 0.02 ‰ °C−1, which can be neglected in practical applications. This kind of sensor also presents a Fabry-Perot interference phenomenon besides the Mach–Zehnder interferometer, which shows a flexible sensing structure. The proposed sensor offers an alternative method for accurate measurement of seawater salinity.

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