Abstract
In this work, we combined photoreceptor protein with graphene based field effect transistors to achieve a high responsivity photodetector. Three different aromatic hydrocarbons were used to functionalize graphene with carboxyl groups via π-π stacking interactions, and 1-pyrenebutyric acid exhibited the best result for photoreceptor protein immobilization. Besides, the modification procedure of photoreceptor protein was also optimized by using a novel protein stack way on the device. Unlike conventional self-assembly method, photoreceptor proteins were cross-linked before immobilized on graphene thin film and yielded a higher modification density. Finally, the photocurrent response was significantly enhanced from -1% to -9.62%. These results bring key opportunity for graphene field effect transistor based photodetection, and the surface functionalization method are expected to help achieve high sensing performance on protein-based biosensors.
Highlights
As a typical thin-film carbon material, graphene has unique structure and excellent properties (Geim and Novoselov, 2007; Castro Neto et al, 2009; Afsahi et al, 2018)
The devices were first immersed in 1 mM aromatic hydrocarbon (PCA, naphthylacetic acid (NAA), or pyrenebutyric acid (PBA)) solutions at room temperature for 2 h to create a layer of carboxylic acid groups, and rinsed with alcohol and deionized water
The single layer graphene manufactured by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process was transferred to the wafer by using PMMA as a supporting layer
Summary
As a typical thin-film carbon material, graphene has unique structure and excellent properties (Geim and Novoselov, 2007; Castro Neto et al, 2009; Afsahi et al, 2018). Photoreceptor proteins have been reported to provide high sensitivity to low-intensity light, low cost of fabrication and good wavelength selectivity The traditional monolayer self-assembly method leads to low modification efficiency of photoreceptor proteins. The devices were first immersed in 1 mM aromatic hydrocarbon (PCA, NAA, or PBA) solutions at room temperature for 2 h to create a layer of carboxylic acid groups, and rinsed with alcohol and deionized water. After immobilizing BLUF and rinsing with 1 × PBS (pH 7.4), 1 mM ethanolamine in 1 × PBS solution (pH 7.4) was added to the device for 20 min to deactivate and block the excess reactive groups remained on the graphene surface.
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