Abstract
The consumption of phosphorus in Western populations largely exceeds the recommended intake, while vitamin D supply is often insufficient. Both situations are linked to an increased cardiovascular risk. A 17-week two-factorial study with Ldl receptor-/- mice was conducted to investigate the cardiovascular impact of dietary phosphorus [adequate (0.3%; P0.3) vs. high (1.5%; P1.5)] in combination with a low (50 IU/kg; D50) or adequate vitamin D diet (1000 IU/kg; D1000). The data demonstrate that mice fed the P1.5 vs. P0.3 diets developed smaller vascular lesions (p = 0.013) and cardiac hypotrophy (p = 0.011), which were accompanied by diminished IGF1 and insulin signalling activity in their hearts. Vitamin D showed no independent effect on atherogenesis and heart morphology. Feeding P1.5 vs. P0.3 diets resulted in markedly reduced serum triacylglycerols (p < 0.0001) and cholesterol (p < 0.0001), higher faecal lipid excretion (p < 0.0001) and a reduced mRNA abundance of hepatic sterol exporters and lipoprotein receptors. Minor hypocholesterolaemic and hypotriglyceridaemic effects were also found in mice fed the D1000 vs. D50 diets (p = 0.048, p = 0.026). To conclude, a high phosphorus intake strongly affected the formation of vascular lesions, cardiac morphology, and lipid metabolism, although these changes are not indicative of an increased cardiovascular risk.
Highlights
The consumption of phosphorus in Western populations largely exceeds the recommended intake, while vitamin D supply is often insufficient
The current study aimed to investigate the role of dietary inorganic phosphorus in vascular lesion development, heart morphology and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in mice fed a diet that contained low or adequate amounts of vitamin D
The serum of mice that received the P1.5 diets was characterised by lower concentrations of calcium and higher concentrations of intact FGF23 (iFGF23) and intact PTH (iPTH) than the serum of mice fed the P 0.3 diets (Table 1)
Summary
The consumption of phosphorus in Western populations largely exceeds the recommended intake, while vitamin D supply is often insufficient Both situations are linked to an increased cardiovascular risk. Data obtained from the Framingham Offspring cohort show that higher serum phosphorus concentrations were associated with an increased CVD risk in individuals free of CKD and C VD11. Data from a community-based study with individuals free of known CVD showed that dietary phosphorus intake was associated with greater left ventricular mass in women but not in men[15]. Another study that included patients with stable CVD showed that higher serum phosphorus levels are associated with a greater left ventricular mass in men, but not in w omen[16]. Other epidemiological studies did not find significant associations between phosphorus intake/serum phosphorus levels and cardiovascular mortality[17]
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