Abstract
Wind power has achieved technological evolution, and Grid Code (GC) requirements forced wind industry consolidation in the last three decades. However, more studies are necessary to understand how the dynamics inherent in this energy source interact with the power system. Traditional energy production usually contains few high power unit generators; however, Wind Power Plants (WPPs) consist of dozens or hundreds of low-power units. Time domain simulations of WPPs may take too much time if detailed models are considered in such studies. This work discusses reduced order models used in interconnection studies of synchronous machines with full converter technology. The performance of all models is evaluated based on time domain simulations in the Simulink/MATLAB environment. A detailed model is described, and four reduced order models are compared using the performance index, Normalized Integral of Absolute Error (NIAE). Models are analyzed during wind speed variations and balanced voltage dip. During faults, WPPs must be able to supply reactive power to the grid, and this characteristic is analyzed. Using the proposed performance index, it is possible to conclude if a reduced order model is suitable to represent the WPPs dynamics on grid studies.
Highlights
Various topologies of Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) have come up during the last three decades, and different solutions for grid interconnection have been presented in the market
Mathematical models of WTGs are required for power system studies by utilities and system operators [14], and they can be developed in the time domain or the frequency domain
Time domain simulations are normally processed in commercial software packages
Summary
Various topologies of Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) have come up during the last three decades, and different solutions for grid interconnection have been presented in the market. Operator (TSO), and preliminary studies are performed with a focus on the WPP’s impact on the grid These studies are supported by mathematical models, which need to reproduce with accuracy the WTG behavior during some regular power system phenomena. Many Grid Codes (GCs) require dynamic models able to represent with accuracy the dynamic behavior of a WTG when connected to a power system These GC requirements have led to the development of many dynamic models by wind turbine manufacturers [2]. GC specifications require WTGs to be able to ride through grid disturbances, which bring down voltages to very low levels [1] Other requirements, such as reactive power control and frequency support, have a longer duration than voltage ride through, and models need to be adapted to long-time simulation with slow dynamics.
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