Abstract
In this paper, a coupled optical-electrical modeling method is applied to simulate perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to find ways to improve light absorption by the active layer and ensure that the generated carriers are collected effectively. Initially, a planar structure of the PSC is investigated and its optical losses are determined. To reduce the losses and enhance collection efficiency, a convex light-trapping configuration of PSC is used and the impacts of these nanostructures on all parts of the cell are investigated. In this convex nanostructured PSC, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is found to be increased when the thickness of the absorbing layer remained unchanged. Then, a plasmonic reflector is applied to trap light inside the perovskite. In this structure, by scattering light through the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of the Au back-contact, the electromagnetic field is found to concentrate in the active layer. This results in increased perovskite absorption and, consequently, a high current density of the cell. In the final structure, which is the integration of these two structures, optical losses are found to be greatly diminished and the short-circuit current density (Jsc) is increased from 18.63 mA/cm2 for the planar structure to 23.5 mA/cm2 for the proposed structure. Due to the increased Jsc and open-circuit voltage (Voc) caused by the improved carrier collection, the PCE increases from 14.62 to 19.54%.
Highlights
In this paper, a coupled optical-electrical modeling method is applied to simulate perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to find ways to improve light absorption by the active layer and ensure that the generated carriers are collected effectively
The planar structure of a PSC was simulated in order to validate the numerical model and to use it as the reference structure for our subsequent simulations
In PSCs, the electron transporting material (ETM) is introduced as a single compact film or in conjunction with a porous film of differently sized nanoparticles to improve carrier extraction
Summary
A coupled optical-electrical modeling method is applied to simulate perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to find ways to improve light absorption by the active layer and ensure that the generated carriers are collected effectively. By scattering light through the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of the Au back-contact, the electromagnetic field is found to concentrate in the active layer This results in increased perovskite absorption and, a high current density of the cell. Light is efficienly absorbed and trapped through the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of metal nanoparticles such as silver and gold In these structures, depending on the size, shape, and distribution of the embedded nanoparticles, two SPR mechanisms—localized near-field modes and far-field scattering effects—are used to either confine the light in the active layer or increase its effective pathlength in this layer[20]. The presence of nanostructures leads to general changes in the absorption mechanism of such structures
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