High-payload reversible watermarking scheme of vector maps

Abstract

The vast majority of current reversible watermarking schemes for vector maps cannot embed abundant copyright information into host vector data, and most of them are not very robust under common attacks. In this paper, based on QR code and polar coordinate transformation, a novel high-payload and reversible watermarking scheme is proposed for vector maps. A QR code is used as the container of abundant copyright information, which is considered as the watermarking image. To enhance the robustness of this scheme under geometric transformation, watermarks are embedded into polar coordinates of map vertices. After watermark extraction, this scheme can not only obtain the original QR code, but also strictly recover the original vector data based on the reversible embedding method. Theoretical analysis and comprehensive experimental results validate that the proposed scheme can effectively increase the size of watermark payload, and it has strong robustness against common geometric and non-geometric attacks.