HIGH OLEIC SUNFLOWER OIL DECREASES ENDOGENOUS BIOSYNTHESIS OF ENERGY FATTY ACIDS AND INCREASES ENDOGENOUS BIOSYNTHESIS OF ω-3 LONG-CHAIN PUFA

Abstract

The work shows that Fatty acids of dietary fats provide two main functions in the human and animal body: energy and structural-regulatory, Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are the basis of membrane lipids of all cells of the body The structure and functional activity of cells, their resistance to pathogenic factors depends on the ratio of ω-6 / ω-3 PUFA. Аdherence to recommended metabolic energy reserves in poultry feed is essential to optimize feed costs. The use of oils or fats is a common economic practice in modern poultry production. Energy functions are carried out due to the oxidation of energy fatty acids in mitochondria, which include, first of all, palmitic (С16:0), palmitooleic (С16:0), stearic (С18:1) and oleic (С18:1). In addition to providing energy, edible oil can also enhance dietary palatability, reduce dustiness, and increase lipoprotein hydrolysis to promote the production of essential fatty acids. Adipose tissue should be considered not only as a source of various fatty acids, but also as an important endocrine organ that takes an active part in the activity of the immune system. To determine the effect of a diet with high oleic sunflower oil on the content of energy fatty acids (EFA) and long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) in rat liver lipids. We used high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) containing 85.5% oleic acid. The rats were fed a fat-free diet (FFD) and diets with 5 or 15% HOSO for 35 days. Lipids were extracted from the liver and separated into three fractions: neutral lipids (NL), phospholipids (PL) and free fatty acids (FFA). The fatty acid composition of lipid fractions was determined by gas chromatography. FFA are the sum of the following acids:С16:0, С16:1, С18:0, С18:1andС18:2. LCPUFA are presented С20:4 ω-6, С20:5 ω-3, С22:5 ω-3and С22:6 ω-3. Most of all, EFA is contained in the NL fraction (89%), then in the PL fraction (79%), and least of all in the FFA fraction (68%). LCPUFA is found most of all in the FFA fraction (20%), then in the PL fraction (13%), and least of all in the NL fraction (2%). In rats that received fat diets, the content of EFA increased in the NL fraction by 2-3%, in the FFA fraction by 5-8%, and did not change in the PL fraction. The content of LCPUFA ω-6 (arachidonic acid) with fat nutrition dose-dependently decreases in the fraction of NL and FFA and does not change in the fraction of PL. On the contrary, the content of ω-3 LCPUFA increases in rats treated with HOSO in all lipid fractions. Also, the ω-6/ω-3 LCPUFA ratio is significantly reduced in rats treated with HOSO. Consumption of HOSO stimulates endogenous biosynthesis of ω-3 LCPUFA.