High-Mannose–Type Glycan of Basigin in Endothelial Cells Is Essential for the Opening of the Blood–Brain Barrier Induced by Hypoxia, Cyclophilin A, or Tumor Necrosis Factor-α

Abstract

Pathologic opening of the blood-brain barrier accelerates the progression of various neural diseases. Basigin, as an essential molecule for the opening of the blood-brain barrier, is a highly glycosylated transmembrane molecule specified in barrier-forming endothelial cells. This study analyzed the involvement of basigin in the regulation of the blood-brain barrier focusing on its glycosylation forms. First, basigin was found to be expressed as cell surface molecules with complex-type glycan as well as those with high-mannose-type glycan in barrier-forming endothelial cells. Monolayers of endothelial cells with suppressed expression of basigin with high-mannose-type glycan were then prepared and exposed to pathologic stimuli. These monolayers retained their barrier-forming properties even in the presence of pathologic stimuli, although their expression of basigin with complex-type glycan was maintained. Invivo, the blood-brain barrier in mice pretreated intravenously with endoglycosidase H was protected from opening under pathologic stimuli. Pathologically opened blood-brain barrier in streptozotocin-injected mice was successfully closed by intravenous injection of endoglycosidase H. These results show that high-mannose-type glycan of the basigin molecule is essential for the opening of the blood-brain barrier and therefore a specific target for protection as well as restoration of pathologic opening of the blood-brain barrier.