Abstract
Quality production of the shrimp Penaeus monodon in hatchery operations depends heavily on the evaluation of genetic diversity and population structure of brood stocks. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences have been widely used to study genetic variability and relationships in many crustacean groups, and these same markers may be incorporated into evaluation studies of shrimp broods and populations. For this purpose we looked at variation in mitochondrial D-loop sequences as an indicator of genetic diversity in shrimp populations from a region of India that represents the main sources of new material for brood stocks. In our study of these populations the overall mean genetic diversity was 0.191. The highest level of genetic diversity (0.357) was observed in the Kakinada population, whereas the lowest diversity (0.0171) was observed in the Nellore population. The results also indicate that overall, the populations along the Andhra Pradesh coast are genetically diverse despite the fact that there is considerable gene flow between them. From the results, it is evident that east cost of India shows high genetic diversity among P. monodon broods and no evidence of loss of diversity due to excessive inbreeding. The fact that the genetic variability of these populations has been maintained, despite ten years of dependence on these broods, shows that at the present time there is no indication of over exploitation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-671) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
The genus Penaeus represents an economically important group of shrimps and prawns (Dall et al 1990; BaileyBrook and Mass 1992; Rosenberry 2001)
This study reports the analysis of genetic variation in the Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region of P. monodon, a commercially important shrimp species (Bailey-Brook and Mass 1992; Rosenberry 2001), and provides information about the genetic structure and relationships of populations from a region which accounts for the majority (63%) of brood seed production in India (AISHA-All India Shrimp Hatcheries Association 2004; FAO 2004; 2006)
A high level of genetic diversity has been revealed in the present study using the mtDNA control region
Summary
The genus Penaeus represents an economically important group of shrimps and prawns (Dall et al 1990; BaileyBrook and Mass 1992; Rosenberry 2001). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences are widely used to study genetic variability in aquaculture species including crustaceans, and these sequences have proved extremely useful in elucidating genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships among many crustacean groups (Cunningham et al 1992; Chu et al 2003). These regions may contain ideal markers for characterizing geographical patterns of genetic variation within and between prawn populations (Simon 1991). The complete mitochondrial genome of P. monodon is around 16 kb (Wilson et al 2000), of which 991 bp is the long noncoding, ‘AT’ rich control region known as the D-Loop. Previous reports employing mtDNA D-loop based studies on penaeids have demonstrated the usefulness of this region in genetic variability studies (Chu et al 2003; Tzeng et al 2004 and Kumar et al 2007)
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