Abstract
Purpose: The present study investigated the effects of high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) on lower- and upper-body graded exercise and high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE, four Wingate bouts) performance, and on physiological and muscle damage markers responses in judo athletes.Methods: Thirty-five subjects were randomly allocated to a control group (n = 8) or to one of the following HIIT groups (n = 9 for each) and tested pre- and post-four weeks (2 training d·wk−1): (1) lower-body cycle-ergometer; (2) upper-body cycle-ergometer; (3) uchi-komi (judo technique entrance). All HIIT were constituted by two blocks of 10 sets of 20 s of all out effort interspersed by 10 s set intervals and 5-min between blocks.Results: For the upper-body group there was an increase in maximal aerobic power in graded upper-body exercise test (12.3%). The lower-body group increased power at onset blood lactate in graded upper-body exercise test (22.1%). The uchi-komi group increased peak power in upper- (16.7%) and lower-body (8.5%), while the lower-body group increased lower-body mean power (14.2%) during the HIIE. There was a decrease in the delta blood lactate for the uchi-komi training group and in the third and fourth bouts for the upper-body training group. Training induced testosterone-cortisol ratio increased in the lower-body HIIE for the lower-body (14.9%) and uchi-komi (61.4%) training groups.Conclusion: Thus, short-duration low-volume HIIT added to regular judo training was able to increase upper-body aerobic power, lower- and upper-body HIIE performance.
Highlights
Judo athletes’ training is directed to technical, tactical, or conditioning improvements via complementary and specific actions (Franchini et al, 2014)
For maximal aerobic power (MAP), an effect of group [F(3, 30) = 4.90; P = 0.007; η2 = 0.328; moderate] was detected, with higher values in upper-body group compared to the control group (p = 0.005)
There was an effect of period of training [F(1, 30) = 6.88; P = 0.013; η2 = 0.186; small], with higher values post- compared to pretraining (P = 0.013), which was a consequence of the higher postvalues compared to pre-training for the upper-body group [t(7) = −3.653; P = 0.008; d = 1.04; large]
Summary
Judo athletes’ training is directed to technical, tactical, or conditioning improvements via complementary (non-specific) and specific actions (Franchini et al, 2014). As the competitions are distributed throughout the year, the athletes need to interperse high-intensity, recovery, and tapering training periods to achieve their best performance in the competitions. The period of intensified training has as the main goal improving physical conditioning by focusing on aspects relevant to competitive success (Franchini and Takito, 2014; Franchini et al, 2014). Considering the number of competitions per year, the recovery needed after a competition and the tapering phase before the one, it is common that the intensified training be conducted over short (typically 4-week) periods
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