High Intake of Manganese During Second Trimester, Increases the Risk of Preterm Delivery: A Large Scale Cohort Study.

Ebrahim Haji Zadeh,Fatemeh Reisian,Minoor Lamyian,Hadi Zamanian,Sare Bakouei,Zahra Taheri Kharameh

doi:10.5539/gjhs.v7n5p226

Abstract

Evidence indicates that nutrients and minerals might play an important role in preterm delivery (PTD). The aim of this study was to determine maternal nutritional status during second trimester of pregnancy and its association with preterm delivery (< 34 weeks gestation) in Iranian women. In a large scale longitudinal study, 1033 pregnant women were recruited from prenatal clinics since December 2012 to June 2013. Dietary intake was assessed by Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) in pregnant women of 14 to 20 weeks gestational age. The participants were followed up until delivery. Dietary intake of women with preterm delivery was compared with women who had term delivery. The results show that 61.2% of women were primiparous and that the incidence of preterm delivery was 7%. Manganese dietary intake was significantly higher in mothers with preterm delivery than those with term delivery (P = .03). Manganese was the only micronutrient correlated with preterm delivery after adjustment for maternal characteristics during second trimesters of pregnancy (OR = 1.12; P = .01). These results suggest that high maternal manganese dietary intake during the second trimester of pregnancy may be associated with the risk of preterm delivery in Iranian pregnant women.

Highlights

The importance of proper nutrition before and during pregnancy has long been known for maternal, fetal and child health (Mistry & Williams, 2011)
The results show that 61.2% of women were primiparous and that the incidence of preterm delivery was 7%
These results suggest that high maternal manganese dietary intake during the second trimester of pregnancy may be associated with the risk of preterm delivery in Iranian pregnant women

Summary

Introduction

The importance of proper nutrition before and during pregnancy has long been known for maternal, fetal and child health (Mistry & Williams, 2011). Dietary intake of nutrients and maternal nutrition affects the availability and supply of nutrients to fetus. Inadequate intake of nutrients can have adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes such as increasing maternal morbidity and mortality (Keen et al, 2003; Tabrizi & Pakdel, 2014). Nutritional deficiencies, especially micronutrient deficiencies during early pregnancy has been related to low birth weight, preterm delivery and other perinatal outcomes (Ramakrishnan et al, 2012). Preterm birth (PTB) is a global health problem and the leading risk factor of perinatal morbidity and mortality (Zhang et al, 2012). It is defined as an infant born at less than 37 weeks gestational age. It is a major cause of short and long term neonatal damages including neurocognitive deficits, ophthalmological disorders and pulmonary dysfunction in surviving preterm infants (Wen et al, 2004)

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