Abstract
Fabrication and beam tests of miniature quadrupole electromagnets with sub-mm gap indicate path to multi-kT/m gradients.
Highlights
Charged particle beam optical elements such as dipoles, quadrupoles and higher order multipoles play a fundamental role in all applications of high quality electron beams throughout science and medicine, from microscopy [1] and diffraction [2] to cancer radiotherapy [3] and the production of intense and coherent X-Rays [4]
Matching the particle beam width to the optimal size in free electron laser [5] and inverse Compton scattering light sources (ICS) [6,7,8] dramatically improves power efficiency and source brightness, but ultra-high gradient focusing and short effective magnetic length are required in order to achieve sub-μm spot sizes
For this kind of quadrupole, linear field response to applied current is limited by saturation magnetization and maximum field strength is limited by thermal constraints; 1.1 T saturation magnetization for Ni80Fe20 and 300 °C to reach mechanical stress limits in this work
Summary
Charged particle beam optical elements such as dipoles, quadrupoles and higher order multipoles play a fundamental role in all applications of high quality electron beams throughout science and medicine, from microscopy [1] and diffraction [2] to cancer radiotherapy [3] and the production of intense and coherent X-Rays [4]. Matching the particle beam width to the optimal size in free electron laser [5] and inverse Compton scattering light sources (ICS) [6,7,8] dramatically improves power efficiency and source brightness, but ultra-high gradient focusing and short effective magnetic length are required in order to achieve sub-μm spot sizes. The electromagnet was manufactured and packaged at UCLA using a recently developed microfabrication process (manufacturing process described in detail in [22]) and tested in the UCLA Particle Beam Physics Laboratory For this kind of quadrupole, linear field response to applied current is limited by saturation magnetization and maximum field strength is limited by thermal constraints; 1.1 T saturation magnetization for Ni80Fe20 and 300 °C to reach mechanical stress limits in this work. The rapid tunability, high field gradient, and low hysteresis indicate that batch-fabricated microquadrupoles could fill a present need in particle accelerators and light sources
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