High‐gain UWB antenna with optimized metamaterial lens layer via particle swarm optimization algorithm for satellite communication applications

Abstract

The effect of metamaterials, whose positions are determined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm on the performance of the defected ground structure antenna is investigated. For this purpose, four different optimization studies are carried out. In Case I, the positions of the flower shape metamaterial (FSMM) structures on the antenna are determined classically at equal intervals and added to the antenna to obtain highest gain, and it is revealed that the gain is increased by 26%. In Case II, the positions and rotation angles of the FSMMs on the antenna are determined and the gain increase by 36%. In Case III, FSMMs are placed on a layer at equal intervals with the classical method. In this case, 56% increase of antenna gain is achieved. In Case IV, the positions and rotation angles of the FSMMs is formed on the lens independently of each other with PSO. In this last case, with dimensions of 24 × 36 mm2, a 77% increase in antenna gain is achieved compared to the reference antenna at the resonant frequency of 12.65 GHz in dBi. As a result, it is observed that the use of metamaterials with the help of the PSO algorithm has a higher effect on antenna performance than the use of MMs with the classical method.