Abstract
This paper proposes a novel high-gain antenna element that can be used in antenna arrays that only require a limited scan range. Each high-gain antenna element uses a linear sub-array of highly-coupled open-ended waveguides. The active central element of this sub-array is directly fed, while the remaining passive waveguides are reactively loaded. The loads are implemented by short-circuits positioned at various distances from the radiating aperture. The short-circuit positions control the radiation pattern properties and the scattering parameters of the array. The proposed sub-array antenna element is optimized in the presence of the adjacent elements and provides a high gain and a flat-top main lobe. The horizontal distance between the sub-array centers is large in terms of wavelengths, which leads to limited scanning capabilities in the E-plane. However, along the vertical axis, the element spacing is around 0.6 wavelength at the central frequency that is beneficial to achieve a wider scan range in the H-plane. We show that the sub-array radiation pattern sufficiently filters the grating lobes which appear in the array factor along the E-plane. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed array configuration, an array operating at 28.0 GHz is designed. The designed array supports scan angles up to ±7.5° along the E-plane and ±24.2° along the H-plane
Highlights
To support the growing demand for high data rates, the telecommunication industry is constantly moving to higher frequencies where larger operational bandwidths are available [1]
The achieved boresight directivity level is 46.5 dBi, which is 0.1 dBi smaller than that displayed by the 65 × 19 array when the embedded radiation pattern of the central sub-array is used for all the elements and, the edge effect is neglected
An array structure has been designed so to achieve a directivity of dBi, which is sub-arrays
Summary
To support the growing demand for high data rates, the telecommunication industry is constantly moving to higher frequencies where larger operational bandwidths are available [1]. Examples in this respect are given by point-to-point or point-to-multipoint backhaul links and antennas for sub-urban coverage For such applications, one can use array elements characterized by a large aperture and, high directivity [5]. A useful design approach to overcome this drawback, and which is implemented in this research study, is based on the use of overlapping radiating apertures, i.e., the use of the same aperture for multiple feed points In this way, we can achieve the required levels of gain while maintaining the overall array compactness. The feeding network becomes very complex even for a small number of array elements; this technique has found limited applications, mostly in space [7,8] Another approach consists in using partially reflective surfaces placed above the array structure [9,10,11].
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