Abstract

Ananas comosus var. MD2 is currently the most preferred pineapple variety in the international market due to its pleasant aroma and high Brix acidity ratio. In vitro approaches such as callus culture is promising in producing disease-free plantlet. However, there are limited studies reported on callus culture of MD2 variety despite the potential of in vitro regeneration through biotechnological advances. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) i.e., 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Thidiazuron (TDZ) on callus induction from leaf explant of MD2 pineapple. Leaf base explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with varying concentration of 2,4-D (0.5 to 6.0 mg/L) alone and in combination with BAP (1.0 to 3.0 mg/L). The frequency of callus induction was seen significantly highest (91.67±8.33%) with maximum callus fresh weight (0.25±0.07 g) at a combination of 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 2.0 mg/L BAP. The shortest duration of callus formation was seen on day 12 with the lowest concentration of 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L. There is a moderate correlation between the earliness of callus formation and the frequency of callus induction (P<0.01). The most favourable media for callus proliferation was 6.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 2.0 mg/L TDZ as the highest fresh weight of 1.52±0.03 g was recorded. Callus culture has the potential to be a source of plant material and secondary metabolites production. In this study, 2,4-D and BAP have successfully induced callus in MD2 pineapple.

Highlights

  • Pineapple is one of many commercial fruits available in the global market

  • Preparation of a sterile mother plant part was performed to determine the impact of the concentration of sterilization materials for crown pineapple variety MD2 to obtain viable culture

  • The results indicated that control media with the absence of plant growth regulators (PGRs) failed to induce callus even after 42 days of inoculation, thereby affirming that PGRs were essential for callus induction in MD2 pineapple

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Summary

Introduction

Pineapple is one of many commercial fruits available in the global market. Currently, MD2 is the most successful cultivar and listed as a key crop and known by its trade names as “Golden Ripe”, “Super Sweet”, “Rompine” or “Gold”. According to United Nation Conference Trade and Development (UNCTAD, 2016), this variety was farmed in the early 1990s by Del Monte. Due to its deep and lasting transformation, the pineapple industry has been improved. This semi-spiny variety is able to establish as it has high yields and low sensitivity to black spots and soil parasites. Another characteristic of ‘MD2’ as reported by Thalip et al (2015) is its mildly sweet in flavour making it very popular among consumers causing it to be one of the outstanding varieties produced for commercial purposes

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