High Cognitive Functioning ADHD: A Veterinary Student's Perspective and Literature Review

Abstract

: This study provides a comprehensive review of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), discussing its historical background, prevalence, symptoms, subtypes, comorbidities, and treatment options. ADHD, characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, affects an estimated 5 - 10% of children and 4% of adults worldwide, with a higher diagnosis rate in boys. However, underdiagnosis in girls due to less overt symptoms is a growing concern. The study begins with the case of a girl diagnosed with ADHD, using her experiences to highlight the specific challenges faced by individuals with high cognitive functioning ADHD. This case serves as an entry point to examine how ADHD impacts those who, despite intellectual or academic strengths, struggle with focus, organization, and impulse control. These insights are further explored through the perspective of a veterinary student managing ADHD, offering a unique view on how the disorder interacts with high academic and professional demands. The review examines the various subtypes of ADHD—predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, and combined—and discusses common comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, learning disabilities, and sleep disorders. Current treatment approaches, including behavioral interventions, pharmacotherapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy, are evaluated for their effectiveness in managing ADHD symptoms. A key theme of this study is the importance of societal awareness in reducing stigma, which can facilitate early diagnosis and access to appropriate treatment. The findings emphasize the need for individualized, holistic approaches to care that address the unique needs and strengths of each person with ADHD. Early intervention and a personalized treatment plan can significantly improve outcomes, leading to better academic performance, emotional regulation, and overall quality of life for individuals with ADHD.