Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant attention due to their tunable structures and ease of functionalization. However, the predominance of micropores in most MOFs limits their effectiveness in diffusion-controlled applications. Recent developments in the construction of hierarchically ordered macro-/mesoporous MOFs, as well as their composites and derivatives, have broadened the application scope of traditional MOF-based materials. These ordered meso-/macropore structures enhance the exposure of active sites and improve mass transfer efficiency, thereby boosting reaction performance. This review discusses recent advancements in the design, synthesis, and catalysis and energy applications of ordered macro-/mesoporous MOF-based materials. Compared to conventional microporous materials, ordered macro-/mesoporous MOF-based materials demonstrate superior performance in applications including photo-, electro-, and thermocatalysis and electrochemical energy storage. The review also explores current challenges and future direction in the development of ordered macro-/mesoporous MOF-based materials, providing valuable insights for creating new materials with greater efficiency and broader applicability.
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