Abstract
Distributed Hash Tables (DHT) are presently used in several large-scale distributed systems in the Internet and envisaged as a key mechanism to provide identifier-locator separation for mobile hosts in Future Internet. Such decentralized structured data storage systems become increasingly complex serving popular social networking, P2P applications, and Internet-scale infrastructures. Hierarchy is a standard mechanism for coping with complexity, scalability, and heterogeneity in distributed systems. To address the shortcomings of flat DHT designs, many hierarchical P2P designs have been proposed over recent years. The last generation is hierarchical DHTs (HDHTs) where nodes are organized onto layers and groups. This chapter discusses concepts of hierarchical architectures in structured P2P overlay networks, focusing on HDHT designs. We introduce a framework consisting of conceptual models of network hierarchy, multi-layer hierarchical P2P architectures, and principles affecting the design choices. Based on the framework we provide taxonomy of existing P2P systems and thoroughly go over proposed hierarchical P2P alternatives.
Published Version
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