Hidden in Plain Sight: An Exploration of Learner Productions of Phonological Processes in Korean and Their Impact on Comprehensibility to the Native and Nonnative Ear

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study explored the error gravity of learners’ mispronunciations involving orthographically nonsalient phonological processes in L2 Korean. A recorded DictoSpeak, similar to a dictogloss, was used to facilitate discussion between learners of Korean and a native-speaking interlocutor. Task content was seeded with exemplars of six phonological processes: aspiration, fortis articulation, palatalization, nasalization, lateralization, and addition of nasal /n/. Native and advanced nonnative Korean speakers used a 9-point scale to assess the comprehensibility of stimuli presented in two conditions (excised, in context). Overall, ratings were higher for nonnative versus native raters. For both rater groups, findings revealed (a) comprehensibility was significantly better for stimuli in context, and (b) a significant Process x Condition interaction. Lateralization had the highest impact on comprehensibility, followed by palatalization, fortis articulation, nasalization, aspiration, and /n/ addition. Based on the results, pronunciation instruction is recommended for at least two of the most impactful processes. Pedagogical suggestions for learners of Korean outside of Korea are also discussed.