Abstract
ABSTRACT Heterostructured materials are an emerging class of materials with superior performances that are unattainable by their conventional homogeneous counterparts. They consist of heterogeneous zones with dramatic (>100%) variations in mechanical and/or physical properties. The interaction in these hetero-zones produces a synergistic effect where the integrated property exceeds the prediction by the rule-of-mixtures. The heterostructured materials field explores heterostructures to control defect distributions, long-range internal stresses, and nonlinear inter-zone interactions for unprecedented performances. This paper is aimed to provide perspectives on this novel field, describe the state-of-the-art of heterostructured materials, and identify and discuss key issues that deserve additional studies. IMPACT STATEMENT This paper delineates heterostructured materials, which are emerging as a new class of materials with unprecedented properties, new materials science and economic industrial production.
Highlights
This paper delineates heterostructured materials, which are emerging as a new class of materials with unprecedented properties, new materials science and economic industrial production
During plastic deformation of heterostructured materials, the hetero-zones deform inhomogeneously, generating back stresses in the soft zones and forward stresses in the hard zones, which together produce hetero-deformation induced (HDI) strengthening that increases yield strength and enhances strain hardening, which aids with retaining ductility [2]
The HDI strain hardening is slowing down further at this stage, which can be explained by several reasons: (1) the weakening of the hard zones by the forward stress; (2) the slowdown in geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) density increase because some GNDs may be pushed into the zone boundaries and recover there, and some GNDs may interact with other dislocations and change their characteristics
Summary
Heterostructured (HS) materials are defined as materials that contain heterogeneous zones that have dramatically different constitutive properties in the case of structural metallic materials [1,2] or alternatively, very different physical properties in the case of functional materials. Experiments have demonstrated that both structural and functional materials can benefit from the synergistic effect arising from the interaction and coupling between these heterogeneous zones. The sizes and orientations of grains in metals usually have statistical distributions. Conventional alloys, such as steels and high-strength Al alloys, often contain second-phases or hard precipitates in various sizes. These heterogeneities may produce significant strengthening, the synergistic effect between heterogeneities is often weak and not well studied from the angle of inter-zone interaction/coupling. Heterogeneous zones need to be in appropriate size, geometry and distribution in order for the synergistic effect to be significant
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