Abstract
Heterogeneous photocatalysis is an ecofriendly technique for purifying organic pollutants in environmental systems. While pilot-scale photoreactors have explored photocatalytic system upscalibility, their practical implementation is restricted for various reasons. These include feed composition alteration, complicated photoreactor designs, high operation and synthesis costs, photocatalyst poisoning, low quantum yield under solar irradiation, fast exciton recombination, and low reuse or regeneration capabilities. In this paper, we highlight the photocatalyst scalability challenges for real-world applications. We also provide an in-depth discussion on photocatalyst opportunities for effective air and water pollution control. Lastly, we offer a contemporary perspective on photocatalysis scale-up for the real environmental treatment.
Highlights
Heterogeneous photocatalysis (HPC) is a photoactivated chemical reaction that became popular after Fujishima and Honda discovered the UV-driven photoelectrochemical water splitting reaction with a TiO2 -based photoanode in 1972 (Figure 1)
The effectiveness of HPC has been studied in many diverse fields, including environmental remediation [1,2], energy production [1], chemical engineering [3], medicine/biochemistry [4,5], agriculture [6], and multidisciplinary research areas [7] (Figure 1)
The reaction rate of the photocatalytic system for outdoor/indoor air purification is affected by the combined effects of various factors, including substrate or platform configuration used for coating the semiconductors, light irradiance, VOC pollutants, temperature, photoreactor design, mass/air velocity, and moisture level [22]
Summary
Heterogeneous photocatalysis (HPC) is a photoactivated chemical reaction that became popular after Fujishima and Honda discovered the UV-driven photoelectrochemical water splitting reaction with a TiO2 -based photoanode in 1972 (Figure 1). Catalysts 2020, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW (MOFs), metal-oxides, and nanocomposites, exhibit low quantum efficiency (
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