Heterogeneous investment with dynamical feedback promotes public cooperation and group success in spatial public goods games

Abstract

In this work, we consider heterogeneous investment with dynamical feedback into the spatial public goods game. We assume that one cooperator's contribution to one interaction group depends on the group's multiplication factor and the factor value is adjusted according to the information of the degree of group success, which is influenced by the half-success effort. By means of computer simulations, we show that heterogeneous investment with dynamical multiplication factor can promote public cooperation and group success significantly. Particularly, we find that high feedback strength can lead to the emergence of cooperation and is beneficial to the degree of group success in the population. Additionally, we show that there exists an intermediate group-preference strength leading to highest degree of group success, and high group-preference strength can effectively enhance the cooperation level. Moreover, the half-success effort has nonlinear effects on both the cooperation level and the degree of group success.