Abstract
Logarithmic activity-activity diagrams, including Eh-pH, log{M}-pH and log{ligand}-pH diagrams have been generated with the aid of the DIAGRAM computer program for the systems Ru-H 2O, Ru-Cl-H 2O and Ru-S-H 2O at 25 °C. Analysis of these diagrams indicates that elemental ruthenium exhibits a large stability field in aqueous solution, dissolving to Ru(III) and Ru(IV) species in acidic solutions only at relatively high oxidation potentials. Anhydrous RuO 2 spans most of the pH range in aqueous solution so it is relatively stable in both acidic and alkaline solutions. Hydrated amorphous RuO 2 is less stable than the anhydrous dioxide. A series of chloro or mixed hydroxo-chloro complexes form in the presence of chloride ions and their stability domains depend on both the Cl − ion concentration and the oxidation potential. The sulfide RuS 2 is also stable in aqueous solution. The implications of these diagrams for dissolution and precipitation processes are discussed.
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