Abstract
ABSTRACT: Herbicides are expected to show selectivity towards cultivated plants, i.e., they ought to control weeds without jeopardizing the development and productivity of crops. The objective of this project was to evaluate the selectivity of herbicides applied in pre-planting of three sugar cane cultivars which were planted according to the system of pre-budded seedlings (PBS) under climatic natural conditions, between September and November of 2013. The experiment was set according to a completely random design with four replications. The treatments were distributed according to a factorial scheme of 3 × 8, in which factor A was the cultivar (CTC14, CTC7, and RB966928), and factor B was the herbicide (in g.ha-1): S-metolachlor (2,640), clomazone (1,000), sulfentrazone (800), diclosulam (200), metribuzin (1,920), diuron + hexazione (1,170 + 330), S-metolachlor + sulfentrazone (2,640 + 800), and a no treatment. The visual symptoms of intoxication were evaluated 14, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, and 63 days after application (DAA), the height and number of tillers 14, 35, 49, 56, and 63 DAA, the dry weight of shoot (DWS), and the dry weight of root (DWR) 63 DAA. Under the conditions of the experiment, the herbicides S-metolachlor, clomazone, metribuzin, diuron + hexazinone, and S-metolachlor + sulfentrazone were selective towards the presprouted sugar-cane plantlets. Diclosulam was the less selective herbicide, followed by sulfentrazone. Cultivar CTC14 was visually the less tolerant to the herbicides diclosulam and sulfentrazone.
Highlights
Planting sugar cane by the pre-budded seedlings (PBS) shows several advantages such as the reduction of the volume of plantlets needed for the planting, crops of better quality and vigor, as well as the reduction of the risks of diffusion of diseases and insects vectors
The herbicides had a significant effect on the visual symptoms of intoxication since 14 days after application (DAA)
Diclosulam resulted in the clearest symptoms of intoxication during the period between 35 and 49 DAA (Table 1)
Summary
Planting sugar cane by the pre-budded seedlings (PBS) shows several advantages such as the reduction of the volume of plantlets needed for the planting, crops of better quality and vigor, as well as the reduction of the risks of diffusion of diseases and insects vectors. Of the chosen planting system, controlling weeds is of very high importance. According to VICTORIA FILHO; CHRISTOFFOLETI (2004), one of the most important problems of the sugar-cane crop is the interference caused by weeds, which may cause crop losses of the order of 85%. There are different weed control methods with the chemical one being the most widely used due to its efficacy and low cost (CHRISTOFFOLETI et al, 2006). Among the herbicides used in sugar cane crops, the residual ones applied in pre-emergence of the weeds and the crop are the ones most frequently used
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