Abstract
Simple SummarySince the ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in poultry feed, many studies have focused on the use of plants in poultry feed as an alternative to this ban. Currently, many plants are used to improve the growth performance and health status of poultry. Few studies are conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of these plants in poultry. The current study showed that Vernonia amygdalina extract confers a hepatoprotective effect on poultry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract (VALE) on the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity (CCl4) in broiler chickens. A total of 360-day-old broilers were divided into 4 treatments of 90 birds each consisting of 6 replicates of 15 birds each. The treatments were birds offered 1 mL/kg BW saline (control group), 100 mg/kg BW VALE, 1 mL/kg BW CCl4 (CCl4-treated group), and 100 mg/kg BW VALE + 1 mL/kg BW CCl4 (VALE + CCl4 group). Blood samples were collected at 42 days of age and analyzed for the liver enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and selected biochemical parameters. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design. The results obtained showed that VALE had the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of CCl4 on protein and lipid metabolism as reflected in the low serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, which is a marker of lipid peroxidation. The aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight showed a moderate hepatoprotective effect by reducing serum AST levels (p < 0.05). The levels of serum AST, ALP, ALT, and GGT were significantly increased in CCl4-treated birds compared to the control group, reflecting carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage. The VALE + CCl4 group showed a significantly higher amount of ALP compared to birds treated with carbon tetrachloride, suggesting a hepatoprotective effect. To conclude, Vernonia amygdalina aqueous extract can be used to confer protection against hepatotoxicity, which can induce severe hepatocellular damage in birds.
Highlights
Feed intake was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by 3% in the Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract (VALE)-treated group compared to the control
This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of Vernonia amygdalina in broilers subjected to oxidative stress
The improved MDA of the birds of VALE + CCl4 than those of CCl4 in the present study indicates that the bioactive compounds of VALE enhanced the antioxidant status of the birds during exposure to CCl4, suggesting its ability to scavenge peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals
Summary
Genetic selection and improvement of economically important traits in broiler production have been used for several years as vital strategies in the commercialization of the poultry industry to increase market body mass and growth rate. This technique has led to the production of fast-growing commercial broilers having altered physiological requirements and that are potentially susceptible to oxidative stress [1]. Oxidative stress is caused by exposure to reactive oxygen intermediates, such as the superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical, which can damage proteins, nucleic acids, and cell membranes [2]. Oxidative stress leads to the initiation and progression of liver damage
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