Hepatoprotective Effect ofCitrus limonFruit Extract against Carbofuran Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats

Sunil Kumar Jaiswal,Bechan Sharma,Vivek K Gupta,Nikhat J Siddiqi,Ravi S Pandey

doi:10.1155/2015/686071

Sunil Kumar Jaiswal, Bechan Sharma + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/686071

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Abstract

Carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol methylcarbamate), is known to induce oxidative stress and to cause inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. The present work was envisaged to evaluate the effect of carbofuran on redox indices and its interactions with hepatic markers in rat. The ameliorating effect ofCitrus limonfruit extract on carbofuran induced toxicity was also monitored. The results indicated that carbofuran treatment caused significant alterations in the levels of activities of AST, ALT, and LDH in liver tissues and serum. The levels of enzymatic oxidative stress markers such as SOD and catalase and nonenzymatic redox molecules such as total thiol, GSH, and protein thiol also showed significant perturbations in rat liver due to carbofuran treatment. The administration ofCitrus limonfruit extract, however, was able to markedly ameliorate the toxicity of carbofuran by protecting the levels of aforesaid biomarkers to near normal levels. The ameliorative effect ofCitrus limonfruit extract may be due to the presence of different antioxidants in it which may neutralize the ROS and RNS generated in the body tissue due to pesticide stress. These results suggested thatCitrus limonfruit extract may be utilized as a potential supplement in proper management of pesticide intoxication in association with relevant therapeutics.

Highlights

Pesticides are the chemical or biological agents commonly used worldwide for preventing, destroying, or mitigating any pest in order to protect the agricultural crops and increase the yield
Upon pretreatment of rats with lemon juice followed by exposure to carbofuran, the significant recovery in the levels of activities of these three key enzymes (AST, ALT, and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)) was observed both in the tissues and in the serum of rats as the values recorded under this experimental condition were quite close to that of the control group (Figures 1–6)
The results of the present study have indicated that the treatment of rat with C. limon fruit extract before the carbofuran treatment reduced the rise in the level of total cholesterol

Summary

Introduction

Pesticides are the chemical or biological agents commonly used worldwide for preventing, destroying, or mitigating any pest in order to protect the agricultural crops and increase the yield. The commonly used organochlorine, organocarbamate, and organophosphate pesticides are known to accumulate both in biotic and in abiotic systems posing threat to the environment in general and mammalian systems in particular [2, 3]. The organochlorine pesticides such as lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) induce hyperexcitability [4] by both stimulating the synaptic transmission and suppressing the GABA-activated chloride current by interacting with the receptor GABA-chloride channel complex [5]. Since carbamylation of AChE by OCs is recovered in short time compared to the phosphorylation by the organophosphorus pesticides [8], the former one was found safer in application than the latter. The relatively less environmentally persistent and more degradable nature of OCs exerts lesser toxicity into nontarget organisms as compared to other pesticides

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