Hepatoprotective activity of Ammi majus on CCL4 Induced Albino Mice

Abstract

This study was amid to evaluate the possible protective effects of the water and alcoholic extract of Ammi majus seeds against liver damage induced in mice by CCL4. The plant was collected from Baghdad markets, water and alcoholic extract was prepared and used at one concentration for injecting six groups of mouse, the first one is control negative that are mice was not injected, the second was positive control which is the mice was injected with CCL4, the third group had mice that injected with water extract, the fourth group included mice that injected with CCL4 and water extract, the fifth group had mice that injected with alcoholic extract , the last group includes mice injected with CCL4 and water extract. Injected intraperitoneally (0.1 ml) for seven days as single dose\day, Finally mice were sacrificed at day 8 for laboratory assessments. Blood and liver tissue were collecting , blood used for administration of liver enzyme (GOT, GPT, ALP) and liver tissue used for assessment of the hepatoprotective effect of Ammi majus extracts. The results show that for the liver enzymes, the GPT activity was 199±2.1 Unit/ L in control negative (Untreated mice); the GPT value decrease to 76±5.2 Unit/L in positive control suggesting that there was positive damage upon its treatment. Interestingly, it got normal value of GPT which was 142±2.5 Unit/L after its treatment with 100 mg/Kg water extract of Ammi majus extract and about same value 145±2.5 Unit/L when injected with water extract and CCL4, also it got decrease value 154±2.5 when injected the alcoholic extract of Ammi majus and highly increased value 203±2.5 Unit/L with injection of alcoholic extract and CCL4. While GOT activity is checked in order to see the hepatoprotective role of Ammi majus plant extract, the GOT value of CCL4 injected mice had shown high level 67.1±1.2 Unit/L compared with those untreated mice was 33±4.5 Unit/L, while upon the treatment with Ammi majus water extract, it got a in GPT about normal value which was 40.3±3 Unit/L 100 mg/Kg, and highly decrease value 16±2.5 Unit/L when injected water extract of Ammi majus and CCL4, also it got increase value 50±2.5 when injected the alcoholic extract of Ammi majus and few decrease value 28±2.5 Unit/L with injection of alcoholic extract and CCL4. Also, ALP activity was the mice that were injected with CCL4 also produced high levels of ALP 132.3±2.5 Unit/L compared with those untreated mice that was 93.6±4 Unit/L. But, upon the treatment with Ammi majus water extract, it got a in ALP about normal value which was 90.3±3 Unit/L with a dose of 100 mg/Kg, and increase value 102±2.5 Unit/L when injected with water extract of Ammi majus and CCL4, also it got decrease value 61±2.5 when injected the alcoholic extract Ammi majus and highly decrease value 43±2.5 Unit/L with injection of alcoholic extract and CCL4. The Histopathological Evaluation of liver and further assessment of the hepatoprotective effect of Ammi majus water and alcoholic extracts, the results show that, the section of normal liver structure, which consists of central vein, surrounded by hepatocyte cells without any changes, while section of liver tissue in mouse treated with CCL4 as a control positive showing congestion, degenerative and necrosis of paranchymal tissue cells; with mild cells inflammation. In addition, section of a liver tissue in mouse treated with water extract of Ammi majus, section of liver showing normal histological structure and section of a liver tissue in mouse treated with water extract of Ammi majus and CCL4, Section showing look like normal histological structure appearance but with mild dilatation of sinusoid and no fatty changes seen. On the contrary, section of a liver tissue in mouse treated with alcoholic extract, section of liver showing congestion evident depletion of glycoprotein granules inside the hepatocyte cells and Section of a liver tissue in mouse treated with Section of a liver tissue in mouse treated with alcoholic extract of Ammi majus and CCL4, section showing congestion ,sinusoidal dilation, with few hepatic cells showing fatty changes. From the result above it was concluded that the water extract give a good protection activity for liver enzyme and histology while the alcoholic extract was toxic, harmful, toxic and not produce productive activity for liver enzyme and histology.