Abstract
Introduction - Transmission of infectious diseases through donated blood is of concern to blood safety as transfusion forms an integral part of medical and surgical therapy. Blood transfusion carries the risk of transfusion-transmissible infections, including HIV, hepatitis, syphilis, malaria and infrequently toxoplasmosis. Aims & Objectives - To find out the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and HIV virus in blood donors , to determine the incidence of transfusion related disease in blood donors, to find the incidence of spectrum of diseases in blood bank donation, to find the age & sex distribution of the cases studied. Material & methods - The present study was undertaken in the Department of Pathology MGM Medical College Indore. This is a retrospective study that was conducted, during the period 2008 –2015. The screening for HIV & HBS Ag was done by ELISA. Results - Out of total 137689 blood donations, majority of donors are voluntary donors 83.02 % as compared to replacement donors 17.05 %. Seroprevalence of HBV and HIV are 1.64 % and 0.13 % respectively. Seroprevalence is higher in the age group 26-35 year for HBV-0.93 % & HIV-0.065 %. Over all Seroprevalence in the years 2008-15 is 1.89 %. Seroprevalence is higher in voluntary donors 1.33 % as compared to replacement/relative 0.55 % donors. Conclusion - voluntary blood donation should be encouraged for prevention of transfusion-transmissible diseases. The time and cost involved in screening donated blood can be reduced by an effective donor education and selection program that promotes self-exclusion by donors at risk of transfusion-transmissible infections. DOI: 10.21276/AABS.1557
Highlights
Transmission of infectious diseases through donated blood is of concern to blood safety as transfusion forms an integral part of medical and surgical therapy
Seroprevalence is higher in the age group 26-35 year for HBV-0.93 % & HIV-0.065 %
Seroprevalence is higher in voluntary donors 1.33 % as compared to replacement/relative 0.55 % donors
Summary
Transmission of infectious diseases through donated blood is of concern to blood safety as transfusion forms an integral part of medical and surgical therapy. Blood transfusion carries the risk of transfusion-transmissible infections, including HIV, hepatitis, syphilis, malaria and infrequently toxoplasmosis. The first case of transfusion-associated AIDS was described in an infant given transfusion for erythroblastosisfoetalis.Thereafter, many cases were reported all over the world in which transfusion of blood and its products was the only risk factor.The improved screening and testing of blood donors has significantly reduced transfusion-transmitted diseases in most developed countries. This has not been so in developing nations. Poor health education and lack of awareness result in the reservoir of infections in the population
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