Hepatitis B in the United States: ongoing missed opportunities for hepatitis B vaccination, evidence from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, 2007

Abstract

In the USA, the burden of hepatitis B disproportionately affects high-risk adults who alone account for more than 75% of newly reported hepatitis B virus infections each year. Despite the localization of new infections in identifiable high-risk groups, vaccination rates in this subgroup, with the exception of health care workers, remain consistently low. The purpose of this study was to characterize those at risk for hepatitis B transmission and quantify the association between missed opportunities and hepatitis B vaccination. Data from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) of adults aged 18years and older who were at high risk for hepatitis B infection (n=15,432) were analyzed. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted to determine factors independently associated with vaccination. In a nationally representative sample, 51.4% of high-risk adults remained unvaccinated against hepatitis B and more than 50% had a missed opportunity for vaccination. High-risk adults who were vaccinated against pneumonia and influenza had a higher odds ratio of being vaccinated against hepatitis B than those not vaccinated against pneumonia and influenza (OR2.27 and 1.67, respectively). Also, high-risk adults tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at a counseling and testing site or a drug treatment facility had a higher OR of being vaccinated than those who had not been tested for HIV (OR1.78 and1.73, respectively). The opposite relationship was true among individuals tested for HIV at a correctional facility (OR0.60). The findings of this study underscore the inadequacy of vaccination coverage in high-risk adults and highlight advantageous opportunities to bridge gaps in vaccination coverage.