Abstract
Humans usually contract dengue by being bitten by arthropods, and more than 3.6 billion people are at risk per year. Although studies are conducted to screen and trace out the possible pathophysiology of the virus, an adequate receptor-based study has not been completed. Understanding how the dengue virus (DV) engraves its landing sites requires identification of such cellular receptors. In many model studies, heparan sulfate (HS) has been reported to act as a DV receptor under various conditions. However, the physiological relevance of these findings remains uncertain. Therefore, it is still unclear whether HS is used by viral strains or not, and if at all used by clinical or non-cell culture-adapted strains of DV. The present review aims to identify relevant experimental evidences that confirm the possible interaction between envelope protein and HS chains. We collected data from a series of studies to conclude the interactive role.
Highlights
Dengue viruses (DV) are members of the flavivirus family primarily transmitted to humans by the Aedes aegypti mosquito [1]
Statistical analysis reveals an estimate of 50 million people being exposed to infection by dengue virus annually and approximately 500,000– 1,000,000 infections culminate in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), with 5–30% mortality rates [4,5]
Laminin-binding proteins, GSLs, and other undefined proteins have been proposed in mosquito cells and organs [18]. It appears that the interaction between the virus and host cell in mosquitoes is mediated by molecules that differ from those found in mammals
Summary
Dengue viruses (DV) are members of the flavivirus family primarily transmitted to humans by the Aedes aegypti mosquito [1]. Several studies have been performed to determine the host receptor(s) for dengue virus in the past 30 years Several molecules as such are proposed as possible receptors in human and mosquito cells and tissues [10,11]. This process is mediated by envelop proteins (E), which actively bind to the dengue virus’ receptor. Several studies supported the suggestion that carbohydrate molecules in extracellular matrix are strongly related to DENV receptors [17] It is the lack of involvement of GAGs in viral infection of mosquito cells that makes it different from mammalian cells. It appears that the interaction between the virus and host cell in mosquitoes is mediated by molecules that differ from those found in mammals
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