Hemp harvest time impacts on the dynamics of microbial colonization and hemp stems degradation during dew retting

Abstract

Dew retting, a selective microbial degradation of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) stems occurring after harvest under local climatic conditions, is an important field process for plant fibre uses. We investigated how the crop harvest time, which depends on the hemp valorization strategy envisaged by the farmer, affected the initial stem quality and the subsequent microbial degradation dynamics of retting. We used simulated rains and dews to carry out retting under laboratory conditions for 42 days at 15 °C with hemp stems harvested at different times (flowering and seed maturity stage). The microbial colonization and changes in the bast tissue architecture were tracked from day 0 to day 42 using colorimetry, surface infrared spectroscopy, chemical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The early changes in the microbial colonization and color of the stem surface and the degradation of the bast tissue parenchyma followed the same pattern during retting for the two stem qualities. However, the kinetic of these processes was 7–14 days faster for the flowering stems, which had higher initial soluble and lower lignin contents than the mature stems. The results suggest a promising potential use of colorimetry and surface infrared spectroscopy data as candidate indicators for the dew retting progress in the field. Besides the results of this study indicate that differences in hemp stem chemical composition due to different crop harvest time significantly impacted microbial colonization, biofilm formation and eventually dew retting duration.