Hemorrhagic complications of percutaneous interventions for nephrolithiasis

Abstract

To investigate the incidence of hemorrhagic complications after percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. This was a comparative analysis of 146 percutaneous nephrolithotripsies. The study group comprised 81 patients with stag horn nephrolithiasis; the rest of the patients were assigned to the control group. Both groups were comparable in age and sex (p>0.05). The body weight of the patients in the study group was statistically significantly higher than in the control group, amounting to 94.1+/-15.4 and 68.3+/-9.6 kg, respectively (p<0.05), the body mass index in the study group averaged 45.9+/-7.6 kg/m2 versus 28.5+/-9.4 kg/m2 in the control group (p<0.05). 50.6% of the study group patients had urate urolithiasis. The blood loss depended on operative time and the number of accesses to the kidney. The incidence of hemorrhagic complications did not differ in both groups and was in the range of 16 to 16.9% (p> 0.05). Early hemorrhagic complications did not exceed Grade II, according to Clavien-Dindo classification. Anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy did not increase the number of hemorrhagic complications. Arterial hypertension was the main risk factor for hemorrhagic complications. Arterial hypertension in patients scheduled for percutaneous nephrolithotripsy should be corrected. To stop ongoing renal bleeding, image-guided endovascular interventions should be used.