Abstract
Carbon nanofibers derived from lignocellulosic materials have become the most prevalent free-standing electrode material for supercapacitors due to their renewable and sustainable nature. This study used Arenga pinnata bunches (APB) as raw material for hemicellulose compounds to produce carbon electrodes through carbonization processes at 650 °C, 700 °C, 750 °C, and 800 °C, in the presence of flowing N2 gas. The variations in carbonization temperature resulted in carbon electrodes with surface morphology having a nanofiber structure with micro-meso pore distribution. According to the results, the carbonization temperature of 700 °C (APB-700) is the optimum temperature for producing electrode surface morphology with a combination of nanofiber, micro-and mesopore distributions, as well as specific surface area, specific capacitance, energy density, and power density of 1231.896 m2 g−1, 201.6 F g−1, 28.0 Wh kg−1, and 109.5 W kg−1, respectively, for the two electrode systems. This shows the combination of nanofibers and the distribution of micro-and mesopores produced with variations in carbonization temperature has the capacity to improve the performance of supercapacitor cells. Therefore, carbon nanofibers derived from Arenga pinnata bunches have the potential to be used as free-standing electrode materials for supercapacitors without employing doping, binder, electrospinning, and heteroatom template methods.
Highlights
Carbon nanofibers derived from lignocellulosic materials have become the most prevalent freestanding electrode material for supercapacitors due to their renewable and sustainable nature
Carbon nanofibers are derived from green resources with high cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose contents[13] and are used to produce electrodes with a pore distribution of micropore and mesopore combinations, as well as high specific surface area and capacitance
The pore distribution and surface morphology of carbon electrodes influence the transfer of electrolyte ions
Summary
Carbon nanofibers derived from lignocellulosic materials have become the most prevalent freestanding electrode material for supercapacitors due to their renewable and sustainable nature. High lignocellulose content, hemicellulose, indicates a high carbon content, and suitability for use as a raw material for the manufacture of carbon nanofibers as a free-standing electrode material without heteroatom doping, binder, electrospinning, template method composites, or other synthetic materials[20]. This shows carbon electrodes prepared are bound to have a nanofiber structure with a precise pore size distribution, a large surface area, and high specific capacitance
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