Abstract
Global demand for energy is on a progressive increase and there is a need for environmentally friendly technologies to meet this demand. Electrochemical energy systems are hinged on clean and sustainable technologies. The latest trend in electrochemical energy systems is the supercapacitors (SCs). SCs are famous for their attractive properties: power density, charging time, life cycle, operational safety, and simplicity. However, their energy density is generally low and to a great extent, this parameter is invariably dependent on the nature of electrode material used. While high energy density is being sought for in SCs, it is necessary to keep abreast of recent electrode materials and their practical performances. This paper gives a concise description of capacitors with a focus on the non-Faradaic SCs. It also compendiously presents an overview of carbon electrode materials with their practical performances (specific surface area, specific capacitance, energy and power densities) for non-Faradaic SCs, with reference to more than 100 reputable works. Development and investigation of highly active carbon materials with optimized electrolytic compatibilities and manipulative morphologies and pore structures were recommended.
Highlights
Global demand for energy is on a progressive increase and there is a need for environmentally friendly technologies to meet this demand
Most studies have been geared towards improving the energy density of SCs
The expression for energy density (E) is as shown in Eq 1, where: C is the capacitance of the SC and V is the potential drop across the double layers [2, 7]
Summary
Okwundu et al - Recent Trends in Non-Faradaic Supercapacitor Electrode Materials. Most studies have been geared towards improving the energy density of SCs. The expression for energy density (E) is as shown in Eq 1, where: C is the capacitance of the SC and V is the potential drop across the double layers [2, 7]. The expression for energy density (E) is as shown in Eq 1, where: C is the capacitance of the SC and V is the potential drop across the double layers [2, 7] It follows, that any effective attempt to increase the double layer capacitance or voltage would improve the energy density. Since the choice of electrode and electrolyte are of paramount importance for the performance of SCs, this paper reviews recent researches that employed carbon electrodes for SCs. In other words, only the pure or true electrostatic supercapacitors – those that do not exhibit Faradaic reactions – are covered here. For SC electrolytes, refer to the work of Zhong et al [8]
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