Hematology and biochemical values in equines naturally infected with Theileria equi in Nigeria.

Abstract

Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a tick-borne disease of equines with resultant economic consequences. To date, little information is available regarding the effects of EP on the health of equids in Nigeria. Therefore, this study was carried out to ascertain the effects of natural sub-clinical infection with T. equi on the hematology and biochemical profiles of horses and donkeys. Blood and serum samples were subjected to hematology and serum biochemistry analyses, respectively. Data corresponding to PCR-positive (infected) and PCR-negative (uninfected) was computed to ascertain changes in any of the parameters. Hematological significant findings (P<0.001) in both horses and donkeys include decreased packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and white blood cell (WBC) counts in the infected group compared to the uninfected group. In horses, the PCV (%) and Hb (g/dL) values were 40.6±1.0 and 13.4±1.7 in the uninfected group compared with 30.8±0.6 and 10.1±0.3 in the infected group respectively and differs significantly (P<0.001). Similarly, in the donkeys, the PCV (%) and Hb (g/dL) values were 32.2 ± 0.5 and 10.5 ± 0.2 in the uninfected group compared with 28.5±0.7 and 9.5±0.2 in the infected group respectively with significant difference (P<0.001). Additionally, we observed a slight decrease in WBC counts (×103/μL) in the infected group in horses (9.9±0.4) and donkeys (10.2±4.3) compared with 10.5±2.0 and 13.0±0.8 from the uninfected respectively. Serum biochemical profiles revealed slight increase in the levels of total proteins principally the globulin fractions in the infected group in both equids. The findings from this study will be helpful in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment evaluation of equines in Nigeria.