Abstract
Abstract Adaptation mechanisms as response to water content, oxygen level and pollutants are very important and they can be interpreted by hematological analysis. The aim of this study was the analysis of hematological and immune adaptations of common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) to thermal stress. All specimens were divided into a control and experimental group. The control group of fish was exposed to a constant water temperature of 10°C. We induced thermal stress in experimental fish by gradually heating water to 28°C, held for 30 minutes and then comparing the obtained results with the control fish. Short-term hyperthermia lead to an increase of the number of leukocytes, especially pseudoeosinophilic granulocytes and monocytes, while the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes was reduced. The analysis of the leukocyte number and differential blood count in the control group showed high individual variation of segmented granulocytes, monocytes and pseudoeosinophilic granulocytes. Statistically significant differences (p=0.00) were found for the white blood cells, nonsegmented neutrophils and pseudoeosinophils between the control and experimental group. The experimental group of males had an increased number of white blood cells, monocytes and pseudoeosinophils, where significant differences were found for nonsegmented and total neutrophils and also for pseudoeosinophils (p=0.00), lymphocytes (p=0.01) and monocytes (p=0.03). Females had an increased total number of white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes and pseudoeosinophils, while significant differences (p=0.00) were obtained in the number of white blood cells, nonsegmented and total neutrophils and pseudoeosinophils between the control and experimental group. Adaptation mechanisms in carp after water temperature heating are mostly reflected in the increase of pseudoeosinophils and the decrease of neutrophils.
Highlights
Different environmental stress factors affect the fish organism in intensive fish culture
Our study showed that they were present in the blood and their number was increased during thermal stress, but they did not become the dominant form of leukocytes
Based on the collected data, it is possible to draw the following conclusions: eosinophilic granulocytes, basophilic granulocytes and monocytes in common carp’s blood were sporadically present, which is consistent with literature data for tench [21]
Summary
Different environmental stress factors affect the fish organism in intensive fish culture. Deleterious stimuli such as temperature changes, variation of pH, decrease in oxygen concentration, increase in ammonia concentration, handling, transport and Pseudoeosinophilic granulocytes are known as heterophils [12]. They are large round cells, with eccentric round to oval nucleus. Most researches compare the functional significance of pseudoeosinophils with neutrophils despite their different morphological characteristics [16]. It has been reported that pseudoeosinophils are functionally heterogeneous cells with combined morphological elements and the roles of other granulocytes. Bred trout does not have the ability for a longer survival rate in warmer water [19]
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