Abstract
The vortex electromagnetic waves carrying the orbital angular momentum (OAM) are an increasing subject of study, and the design of a system capable of generating such waves is also of crucial importance. In this letter, a helical circular array (HCA) has been proposed to generate OAM radio beams. The proposed HCA has a more straightforward and more feasible scheme when compared to uniform circular arrays (UCAs) that require additional phase-shifting devices to form inter-element phases. The heights of the proposed HCA elements along the z-axis are exploited to generate the different OAM modes. For the high-order OAM modes, the height of the HCA is made more compact with the help of the proposed helical circular subarray (HCSA) configurations with spiral phase positions providing a linear phase delay with the azimuth angle. In addition, at high mode values, the HCSA structure creates a smoother OAM vortex beam than HCA. The full-wave simulation results show that the proposed HCA scheme can be used to generate vortex electromagnetic waves with a spiral phase wavefront structure.
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