Abstract
The vortex electromagnetic wave has a spiral phase wavefront structure when propagating, and the vortex electromagnetic waves having different orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes are orthogonal to each other. Compared with other OAM radio generating methods, the helical antenna has the advantages of light weight, small size, and good circular polarization. In this paper, a helical antenna operating at 2-2.4 GHz with OAM mode $l=2$ is designed. The simulation results show that a good OAM vortex wave can be generated in the working frequency band of the antenna. In addition, based on the special circular polarization characteristics of the helical antenna, by forming a quaternary antenna array, it is possible to generate a vortex electromagnetic wave with an orbital angular momentum mode of $l=3$ . Compared to conventional uniform circular array antennas, the circular array based on a helical antenna can produce a higher order OAM modality while reducing the number of array elements.
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