Abstract
Fly-ash derived zeolites have recently -received great attention as cheaper adsorbents to remove heavy metals from water since they can be synthesized from a waste product. In this study, we evaluated the single- and multi-cation adsorption efficiencies of fly-ash derived NaP1 for the removal of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb). We also determined precipitation and leaching from NaP1 during the adsorption. Results showed that the uptake capacities for Zn (34 mg/g) and Pb (192 mg/g) were higher than other fly-ash derived NaP1 and adsorbents such as clinoptilolite and activated carbon. The Cu uptake was estimated ~ 14.6 mg/g. Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ is the order for the metal cation selectivity of NaP1. Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model fitted best for all elements. The metal uptake occurred in 15 min. Diffusion of hydrated metals through microporous channels is the rate-determining step.
Highlights
Accelerated industrialisation and population growth in developing countries has generated vast quantities of wastewater effluents, comprising of wide variety of heavy metal ions into environment within the past decades
The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) pattern of zeolite NaP1 confirmed the presence of NaP1 structure, represented by the characteristic peaks at 12.5°, 17.8°, 21.6°, 28.2°, 31°, 33.4° and 46° 2θ (Supplementary Information, (SI) Fig S1)
The single-cation adsorption data were tested against the pseudo-first and -second order kinetic models to further describe the kinetics of the uptake (Table 5) while the multi-cation adsorption data were only evaluated using
Summary
Accelerated industrialisation and population growth in developing countries has generated vast quantities of wastewater effluents, comprising of wide variety of heavy metal ions into environment within the past decades. Direct disposal of these wastewater will impose serious threat to the environment and have lethal effects on the community due to their toxicity and carcinogenic nature Various heavy metal removal technologies have been explored to date. Adsorption is preferred to others such as reverse osmosis (Quadis and Moussa 2004), electrocoagulation (Bazrafsahn et al 2015), ultrafiltration (Cao et al 2020), filtration (Abdullah et al 2019), coagulation and precipitation (Charerntanyarak 1999). The process is economically viable, highly efficient, easy to be operated and possesses great availability of adsorbent compared to other techniques
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